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What is Cialis?

Cialis – or tadalafil – is an orally administered medication which was developed by the biotechnology firm ICOS to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). As one of the most effective impotence drugs, Cialis was approved by Food and Drug Administration and came into American market in December 2003.

In fact, the history of Cialis is closely associated with the history of another ED drug, aka Viagra. After Viagra received the FDA's approval on March 1998, the industry started growing very quickly, and the appearance of more effective ED medications became possible. Actually, ICOS start studying phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) enzyme inhibitors in 1993 and got a patent for it in 1994 already. But only after three phases of clinical studies the drug was found effective for ED treatment. Thus, in May 2002 Lilly ICOS sent a report to the American Urological Association where the results of the latest clinic trials were described. The study showed that tadalafil contributed to a better erection and acted for up to 36 hours. A long half-life (17.5 hours) is the most distinguished Cialis' feature in comparison with similar drugs. Due to a longer duration of Cialis' effect, the medication is commonly called the “weekend pill”.

Mechanism of action

To understand the mechanism of action of Cialis, some complicated chemical processes should be considered. It is well known that penile erection during sexual stimulation results from an intense blood flow into the penis. At this penile arteries and corpus cavernosal smooth muscle relax, which, in its turn, is provoked by the release of nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells and nerve terminals stimulating the synthesis of cGMP in smooth muscle cells. Both increased blood flow into the corpus cavernosum and smooth muscle relaxation are caused by cyclic GMP. As the amount of cyclic GMT increases, the inhibition of PDE5 improves erectile function. Cialis can act only after sexual stimulation which ensures the local release of nitric oxide.

Recommended dosage of Cialis

As for the dosage, in most cases doctors recommend to start with 10 mg. A patient can adjust the dose, increasing it to 20 mg or decreasing to 5 mg, depending on the reaction of his body. Cialis should be taken only one time a day before an anticipated physical intercourse.

Although oral drugs for ED treatment are very effective and easy-to-use, there is still one crucial drawback. Most people get involved into sexual activity spontaneously, so one can't guess beforehand when to take a pill. That is why the current Cialis owner Lilly ICOS conducted several studies and made up a clinical development program for chronic use of the drug. As a result, low doses of Cialis – 2.5 mg and 5 mg – were approved by the European Commission for once-a-day therapy for patient suffering from ED.

Special warnings about Cialis

15,000 men who took part in clinical studies, as well as more than 8 million of men all over the world, tested Cialis and found it effective and safe. Nevertheless, the most common side effects include back pain, flushing, muscle ashes, stuffy or runny nose, indigestion and headache. Such reactions may be caused by ability of PDE5 inhibitors to widen blood vessels and most often go away within several hours.